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''State of Missouri v. State of Iowa'', 48 U.S. 660 (1849), is a 9-to-0 ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States which held that Sullivan Line of 1816 was accepted boundary between the states of Iowa and Missouri. The ruling resolved a long-standing border dispute between the two states, which had nearly erupted in military clashes during the so-called "Honey War" of 1839. ==Background== In 1808, the Osage Nation ceded all land east of Fort Clark (in what is now west-central Missouri) and north of the Arkansas River to the United States in what became known as the Treaty of Fort Clark.〔(Monette, ''History of the Discovery and Settlement of the Valley of the Mississippi...,'' 1846, p. 547. )〕 In the wake of the War of 1812, the United States concluded the Treaties of Portage des Sioux, a series of treaties with Native American tribes which (among many other things) further defined the boundaries of the Osage Nation.〔Burns, ''A History of the Osage People,'' 1989, p. 295; Rodriguez, ''The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia,'' 2002, p. 285.〕 Colonel John C. Sullivan was appointed to survey the territory and mark the northern boundary line, which became known as the Sullivan Line.〔(Goodspeed, ''The Province and the States,'' 1904, p. 442-443. )〕 However, although the treaty specified a boundary which ran due east, the Sullivan Line tended north slightly and was irregular rather than straight.〔〔(Conard, ''Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri: A Compendium of History and Biography for Ready Reference,'' 1901, p. 339. )〕 The admission of the Missouri Territory as a state to the United States was a highly contentious political issue in the United States, as it was caught up in the issue of slavery. Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the state was finally admitted into union. The United States Congress wrestled at length over what the new state's boundaries should be, and in the Act of March 6, 1820, Congress established the northern boundary of the state as follows:〔(Shoemaker, ''Missouri's Struggle for Statehood, 1804-1821,'' 1916, p. 66-68. )〕 :Beginning in the middle of the Mississippi River, on the parallel of thirty-six degrees of north latitude; thence west along the said parallel of latitude to the St. Francois River; thence up and following the course of that river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the parallel of latitude of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes; thence west along the same to a point where the said parallel is intersected by a meridian line passing through the middle of the mouth of the Kansas River, where the same empties into the Missouri River; thence, from the point aforesaid, north along the said meridian line, to the intersection of the parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the River Des Moines, making said line correspond with the Indian boundary-line; thence east from the point of intersection last aforesaid, along the said parallel of latitude, to the middle of the channel of the main fork of the said River Des Moines; thence down along the middle of the main channel of the said River Des Moines to the mouth of the same, where it empties into the Mississippi River; thence due east to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi River; thence down and following the course of the Mississippi River, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the place of beginning. The citizens of Missouri established the same boundaries in their state constitution of 1820.〔 After another series of intense congressional debates and parliamentary maneuvers, Congress passed legislation approving Missouri's statehood on February 28, 1821, and the President of the United States signed the bill on March 2.〔(Shoemaker, ''Missouri's Struggle for Statehood, 1804-1821,'' 1916, p. 300-301. )〕 With the state of Missouri carved out of the Missouri Territory, the Missouri Territory was left unorganized territory.〔"The Chain of Title to Iowa," ''Annals of Iowa,'' July 1893, p. 137.〕 In June 1834, the boundaries of the Michigan Territory were expanded to incorporate what remained of the old Missouri Territory.〔〔Santer, ''Michigan, Heart of the Great Lakes,'' 1977, p. 47.〕 Just two years later, Congress split the current state of Michigan from the Michigan Territory in preparation for Michigan's entry into statehood, and renamed the territory the Wisconsin Territory.〔 In June 1838, Congress split the Wisconsin Territory in two: What would become the modern state of Wisconsin remained the Wisconsin Territory, while the remainder of the territory was now called the Iowa Territory.〔〔Gue, ''History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century,'' 1903, p. 185-186.〕 The modern state of Iowa was created on December 28, 1846 (with the remaining territory becoming unorganized again until the creation of the Minnesota Territory on March 3, 1849).〔 Missouri surveyed its northern boundary in 1837. Joseph C. Brown surveyed the boundary according to the description found in the Missouri State Constitution of 1820, which said the northern border of the state began at rapids on the Des Moines River. Brown found a set of small rapids near present-day Keosauqua, Iowa, and ran the border due west from that point.〔Stock, ''Amazing Iowa,'' 2003, p. 24.〕 In 1838, the Missouri Legislature passed a law declaring this line its northern boundary, essentially seizing nearly of land from the Iowa Territory.〔 This territory was agriculturally valuable, and was especially well known for its honey production. In late 1839, the sheriff of Van Buren County, Iowa, arrested the sheriff of Clark County, Missouri, after the latter twice attempted to collect taxes on Iowans living north of the Sullivan Line.〔McCandless and Parrish, ''A History of Missouri: 1820 to 1860,'' 2000, p. 112.〕〔Erickson and Stuhr, ''Iowa,'' 2007, p. 92.〕 Three honey trees were chopped down and taken into Missouri, and both states called out the state militia in what became known as the "Honey War" before cooler heads prevailed and both Iowa and Missouri agreed to submit the dispute to the U.S. Supreme Court (which, under the Constitution, had original jurisdiction over the issue).〔〔Stock, ''Amazing Iowa,'' 2003, p. 24-25; McCandless and Parrish, ''A History of Missouri: 1820 to 1860,'' 2000, p. 114.〕 The two states petitioned the Supreme Court for redress in 1847.〔''State of Missouri v. State of Iowa'', 48 U.S. 660, 666.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Missouri v. Iowa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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